The Trials of Life is a BBC (in conjunction with The Australian Broadcasting Service and Turner Broadcasting System Inc.) natural history television series of twelve episodes, about animal behaviour, written and presented by David Attenborough, originally transmitted in October 1990
The series took over three and a half years to make, during which time Attenborough travelled almost a quarter of a million miles.
Each episode was just under 50 minutes long, recorded in 4:3 aspect ratio with stereo sound.
There was an accompanying book, and the series is available as a four-disc DVD set (erroneously entitled Trials of Life) with an extra, 50-minute feature: "The Making of The Trials of Life". A similarly titled three-disc set has also been released, with each episode cut to around 25 minutes. The former is included in The Life Collection box set.
Part of David Attenborough's 'Life' series, it was preceded by The Living Planet (1984) and followed by Life in the Freezer (1993).
1. "Arriving"
Birth is the first dangerous step into a hazardous world. The vast majority of newborns are consumed by other creatures who are struggling to compete in the perpetual game of life. Egg-laying animals, live-bearing, pregnant males, body snatching wasps — the strategies are diverse, but the aim is simple: to launch progeny into the world with a good chance of progress on the road to becoming parents.
2. "Growing Up"
Attenborough says, "The task of gaining size and strength sufficient to survive unaided is the main task of childhood." From abandoned babies to those cared for by generations of family, like elephants, communal nurseries and synchronized birthing seasons, the responsibilities of child care and teaching of the young shows again that growing up in the natural world is a complex and hazardous business.
3. "Finding Food"
Finding food, and avoiding becoming food to other organisms, is a problem every animal faces. The vital quest opens up a complex world of intrigue and cunning, of ploy and counter-ploy. Animals can avoid becoming someone's dinner by running or hiding. Plants, without these defences, have developed surprising ways to protect themselves.
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4. "Hunting and Escaping"
Life and death duels are the daily routine of life in the wild. The desperate battles between assassins and their victims have fuelled an evolutionary arms race resulting in an art of pursuit and evasion. All confrontations end in one of two ways: the predator goes hungry or the prey loses its life. Every conceivable stratagem is needed by both the hunter and the hunted: traps and baits, warnings and deceptions, brute force and sheer speed. This episode contains the famous scene of a killer whale capturing, killing, and eating a sea lion pup.
5. "Living Together"
Committed by evolution to live together, animal partnerships are widespread in the natural world. Some of these relationships between species are ancient and intimate. All reflect a balance of benefit and exploitation. A Gaby acts as look-out for a shrimp, which is almost blind. Ferocious Australian ants milk a certain caterpillar, and like good farmers, return it to shelter at night. Some microscopic parasites perform beneficial cleaning services for their nourishment.
6. "Homemaking"
At some time in their lives, if not throughout them, animals need homes. To accomplish this, they have become potters and plasterers, weavers and needle workers, miners, masons, thatchers and sculptors. Like humans, they worry about the costs of home repair, deterring unwanted guests and keeping the weather out. Prairie dogs reduce the stuffiness of their burrows with a built-in air conditioning system.
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http://www.docs4you.qfhs.org
7. "Finding the Way"
Animals journey around the globe with amazing accuracy... one that we have only matched with satellite navigation. Each year, Arctic terns leave their nests 600 miles from the North Pole and migrate 12,000 miles. Then they return to nest within inches of their old homes. In the middle of the Sahara's Great Sand Sea, a tiny ant uses the sun as a compass to find its way in a featureless environment.
8. "Fighting"
Whether to win food, to claim or hold a plot of territory, to capture a mate, fighting is accepted practice in the wild. Deciding whether to fight or flee depends on costs and rewards. Animals assess their own abilities against the potential damage of teeth, hooves and horns on the opponent. Then they fight with intensity proportioned to what they stand to gain or lose. However, all disputes do not have to end in violence.
9. "Friends and Rivals"
Many animals find it advantageous to live in groups, and their communities work more efficiently if they have some form of social structure. Inevitable squabbles over food, nesting places, arguments over mates must be settled with a minimum expenditure of time and energy. True socialites, the vampire bats not only scratch one another's backs, but also share each other's meals. The leaf-cutting ant colony is like a single superorganism.
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http://www.docs4you.qfhs.org
10. "Talking to Strangers"
The ways animals communicate to each other. Most use ripples in the air but the sea is also full of sound of animals communicating. The loudest of all sounds in nature is made by blue whales, who can sing to each other on opposite sides of the ocean. Competing male frogs in Panama make so much noise, they have a special system to avoid jamming each other's signals.
11. "Courting"
Nightingales and whales sing. Hamsters and moose lay perfumed messages. Visual splendour is hardly of value when it comes to raising a family, yet female birds often select their partners on this basis. For other animals, the way they dance is crucial. Some males forego charm and resort to violent tactics to attract a partner. Harlequin beetles hurl one another off trees. Topi antelope clash horns in bitter struggles.
12. "Continuing the Line"
When it comes to sex, there are no fixed rules in the animal world. The barnacle is the most well-endowed of all males, but it is also a female. Some species start out as females and later become males. Palolo worms indulge in mass orgies on one special night of the year.
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1 comment:
too bad that the links are broken mate
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